SQL

The standard language for querying and modifying relational databases.

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Overview

SQL (Structured Query Language) is the standard language for defining, querying, and modifying data in relational databases -- tables of rows and columns connected by keys. Every major relational database (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, SQLite) speaks a dialect of SQL, so the core skills transfer directly.

What it is
A declarative language for querying and modifying data stored in tables.
Why it's used
It's the near-universal interface to relational databases -- learning it once transfers across PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server, and more.
Where it fits
Wherever an application stores structured, related data -- covered directly in this platform's Git, APIs & SQL course.

Core concepts

  • Tables, rows, and columns
  • SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY
  • JOINs across tables
  • INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
  • GROUP BY and aggregation

Example

SQL is declarative: you describe what data you want (books under $15, most expensive first), and the database figures out how to retrieve it efficiently.

SELECT title, price
FROM books
WHERE price < 15
ORDER BY price DESC;

Common use cases

  • Any application storing structured, related data
  • Data analysis and reporting

Project ideas

  • Write queries against a small bookstore dataset: filtering, sorting, and joining authors to books

Official references